References :

Alon, Gedalyahu. 1977. “The Levitical Uncleanness of Gentiles”. In Jews, Judaism and the Classical World: Studies in Jewish History in the Times of the Second Temple and Talmud, translated by Israel Abrahams, 146–89. Jerusalem: Magnes.

Ambasciano, Leonardo. 2016. “Mind the (Unbridgeable) Gaps: A Cautionary Tale about Pseudoscientific Distortions and Scientific Misconceptions in the Study of Religion”. Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 28(2): 141–225. https://doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341372

Amit, Yaira. 2000. Hidden Polemics in the Hebrew Bible, translated by Jonathan Chipman. Leiden, Boston and Köln: Brill.

Appadurai, Arjun. 1986. “Is Homo Hierarchicus?” American Ethnologist 13: 745–61. https://doi.org/10.1525/ae.1986.13.4.02a00090

Apicella, Coren L., and H. Clark Barrett. 2016. “Cross-cultural Evolutionary Psychology”. Current Opinion in Psychology 7: 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.08.015

Bloom, Paul. 2004. Descartes’ Baby. New York: Basic Books.

Boyer, Pascal. 2001. Religion Explained: The Evolutionary Origins of Religious Thought. New York: Basic Books.

Büchler, Adolph. 1967. Studies in Sin and Atonement in the Rabbinic Literature of the First Century. New York: Ktav.

Burkert, Walter. 1996. Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religions. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press.

Cameron, C. Daryl, Kristin A. Lindquist, and Kurt Gray. 2015. “A Constructivist Review of Morality and the Emotions: No Evidence for Specific Links between Morality and Discrete Emotions”. Personality and Social Psychology Review 19: 371–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868314566683

Chapman, Hanah A., and Adam K. Anderson. 2013. “Things Rank and Gross in Nature. A Review and Synthesis of Moral Disgust”. Psychological Bulletin 139: 300–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035120

Chapman, Hanah A., and Adam K. Anderson. 2014. “Trait Physical Disgust is Related to Moral Judgments Outside of the Purity Domain”. Emotion 14: 341–48. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0035120

Cohen, Shai J.D. 1999. The Beginnings of Jewishness: Boundaries, Varieties, Uncertainties. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Cohn, Robert. 1994. “Before Israel: The Canaanite as Other in Biblical Tradition”. In The Other in Jewish Thought and History, ed. Lawrence J. Silberstein and Robert Cohn, 74–90. New York: New York University.

Curry, Oliver S. 2006. “Who’s Afraid of the Naturalistic Fallacy?” Evolutionary Psychology 4: 234–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470490600400120

Curtis, Valerie. 2007. “A Natural History of Hygiene”. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology 18: 11–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2007/749190

—2013. Don’t Look, Don’t Touch, Don’t Eat: The Science Behind Repulsion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226089102.001.0001

Curtis, Valerie, and Adam Biran. 2001. “Dirt, Disgust and Disease: Is Hygiene in Our Genes?” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 44: 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2001.0001

Curtis, Valerie, Míchéal de Barra and Robert Aunger. 2011. “Disgust as an Adaptive System for Disease Avoidance Behavior”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366: 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0117

Darwin, Charles. 1965 (1872). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.1037/10001-000

de Block, Andreas, and Stefaan E. Cuypers. 2012. “Why Darwinians Should Not Be Afraid of Mary Douglas – and Vice Versa: The Case of Disgust”. Philosophy of the Social Sciences 42: 459–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0048393111425328

Donald, Merlin. 1991. Origins of the Modern Mind: Three Stages in the Evolution of Culture and Cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Douglas, Mary. 1966. Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203361832

Dumont, Louis. 1970. Homo Hierarchicus: The Caste System and its Implications, translated by Mark Sainsbury, Louis Dumont and Basia Gulati. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Elias, Norbert. 2000 (1939). The Civilizing Process, translated by Edmund Jephcott. Malden, MA: Blackwell.

Elliger, Karl. 1966. Leviticus. HAT. Tübingen: Mohr.

Fauconnier, Gilles, and Mark Turner. 2002. The Way We Think: Conceptual Blending and the Mind’s Hidden Complexities. New York: Basic Books.

Feinstein, Eve Levavi. 2014. Sexual Pollution in the Hebrew Bible. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199395545.001.0001

Feder, Yitzhaq. 2013. “Contagion and Cognition: Bodily Experience and the Conceptualization of Pollution (ṭum’ah) in the Hebrew Bible”. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 72: 151–67. https://doi.org/10.1086/671434

Feder, Yitzhaq. 2014. “The Semantics of Purity in the Ancient Near East: Lexical Meaning as a Projection of Embodied Experience”. Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 14: 87–113. https://doi.org/10.1163/15692124-12341258

Feder, Yitzhaq. 2015. “Behind the Scenes of a Priestly Polemic: Leviticus 14 and its Extra-Biblical Parallels”. Journal of Hebrew Scripture 15.4: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.5508/jhs.2015.v15.a4

Feder, Yitzhaq. 2016a. “Contamination Appraisals, Pollution Beliefs and the Role of Cultural Inheritance in Shaping Disease Avoidance Behavior”. Cognitive Science 40: 1561–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12293

Feder, Yitzhaq. 2016b. “The Defilement of Dina: Uncontrolled Passions, Textual Violence and the Search for Moral Foundations”. Biblical Interpretation 24: 281–309. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685152-00243p01

Feder, Yitzhaq. 2016c. “Disgust, Disease and Defilement: The Experiential Basis for Akkadian and Hittite Terms for Pollution”. Journal of the American Oriental Society 136: 99–116. https://doi.org/10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.1.99

Frevel, Christian. 2011. “‘Separate Yourself from the Gentiles’ (Jubilees 22:16); Intermarriage in the Book of Jubilees”. In Mixed Marriages: Intermarriage and Group Identity in the Second Temple Period, ed. Christian Frevel, 220–50. New York: T. & T. Clark.

Fridlund, Alan J. 1994. Human Facial Expression: An Evolutionary View. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

Gane, Roy. 2005. Cult and Character: Purification Offerings, Day of Atonement, and Theodicy. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

Geertz, Armin W. 2010. “Brain, Body and Culture: A Bio-cultural Theory of Religion”. Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 22: 304–21. https://doi.org/10.1163/157006810X531094

—2013. “The Meaningful Brain: Clifford Geertz and the Cognitive Science of Culture”. In Mental Culture: Classical Social Theory and the Cognitive Science of Religion, eds Dimitris Xygalatas, and William W. McCorkle, 176–96. Durham: Acumen Publishing.

Gelman, Susan. 2003. The Essential Child: Origins of Essentialism in Everyday Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195154061.001.0001

Gertz, Jan, Bernard M. Levinson, Dalit Rom-Shiloni and Konrad Schmid. 2016. The Formation of the Pentateuch: Bridging the Academic Cultures of Europe, Israel and North America. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Gibbs, Raymond W., ed. 2008. The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511816802

Giner-Sorolla, Roger. 2012. Judging Passions: Moral Emotions in Persons and Groups. London: Psychology Press.

Goodall, Jane. 1971. In the Shadow of Man. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.

Goodall, Jane. 1986. The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Gould, Stephen, Jay. 2002. The Structure of Evolutionary Theory, Cambridge MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.

Grady, Joseph. 2005. “Primary Metaphors as Inputs to Conceptual Integration”. Journal of Pragmatics 37: 1595–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2004.03.012

Grady, Joseph, and Christopher Johnson. 2003. “Converging Evidence for the Notions of Subscene and Primary Scene”. In Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast, eds René Dirven and Ralf Pörings, 533–55. Berlin: De Gruyter.

Graham, Jesse, Brian A. Nosek, Jonathan Haidt, Ravi Iyer et al. 2011. “Mapping the Moral Domain”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 101: 366–85. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847

Green, Edward C. 1999. Indigenous Theories of Contagious Disease. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira.

Griffiths, Paul E. 1997. What Emotions Really Are. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226308760.001.0001

Haidt, Jonathan. 2001. “The Emotional Dog and its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment”. Psychological Review 108: 814–34. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.108.4.814

—2012. The Righteous Mind. New York: Pantheon Books.

Haidt, Jonathan, and Jesse Graham. 2007. “When Morality Opposes Justice: Conservatives Have Moral Intuitions That Liberals May Not Recognize”. Social Justice Research 20: 98–116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-007-0034-z

Halina, Marta, Federico Rossano and Michael Tomasello. 2013. “The Ontogenetic Ritualization of Bonobo Gestures”. Animal Cognition 16: 653–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-013-0601-7

Harrington, Hannah K. 2004. The Purity Texts. London: T. & T. Clark International.

Hayes, Christine E. 2002. Gentile Impurities and Jewish Identities: Intermarriage and Conversion from the Bible to the Talmud. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195151208.001.0001

Hirschfeld, Lawrence A. 1996. Race in the Making. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Horberg, E. J., Christopher Oveis, Dacher Keltner and Adam B. Cohen. 2009. “Disgust and the Moralization of Purity”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 97: 963–76. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017423

Hume, David. 1978 (1739). A Treatise of Human Nature, ed. Peter H. Niditch. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hume, David. 1998 (1751). An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, ed. Tom. L. Beauchamp. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Inbar, Yoel, David A. Pizarro and Paul Bloom. 2009. “Conservatives Are More Easily Disgusted Than Liberals”. Cognition & Emotion 23: 714–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930802110007

Jarcho, Saul. 2000. The Concept of Contagion in Medicine, Literature and Religion. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing.

Kazen, Thomas. 2010. “Impurity, Ritual, and Emotion: A Psycho-biological Approach”. In Issues of Impurity in Early Judaism, 13–40. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

Kazen, Thomas. 2014. “The Role of Disgust in Priestly Purity Law: Insights from Conceptual Metaphor and Blending Theories”. Journal of Law, Religion and State 3: 62–92. https://doi.org/10.1163/22124810-00301004

Kelly, Daniel R. 2011. Yuck! The Nature and Moral Significance of Disgust. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Keltner, Dacher, Jonathan Haidt and Michelle N. Shiota. 2006. “Social Functionalism and the Evolution of Emotions”. In Evolution and Social Psychology, eds Mark Schaller, Jeffry A., Simpson and Douglas T. Kenrick, 115–42. New York: Psychology Press.

Klawans, Jonathan. 2000. Impurity and Sin in Ancient Judaism. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195132908.001.0001

Knohl, Israel 1995. The Sanctuary of Silence: The Priestly Torah and the Holiness School. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

Kimmel, Michael. 2005. “Culture Regained: Situated and Compound Image Schemas”. In From Perception to Meaning: Image Schemas in Cognitive Linguistics, ed. Beate Hampe, 285–312. Berlin: de Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110197532.4.285

Kimmel, Michael. 2008. “Properties of Cultural Embodiment: Lessons from the Anthropology of the Body”. In Body, Language and Mind. Volume 2: Sociocultural Situatedness, eds Rosyln M. Frank, René Dirven, Tom Ziemke and Enrique Bernárdez, 77–108. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Lakoff, George, and Mark Johnson. 1999. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought. New York: Basic Books.

Laland, Kevin N., and Gillian R. Brown. 2011. Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour. New York: Oxford University Press.

Landy, Justin F., and Geoffrey P. Goodwin. 2015. “Does Incidental Disgust Amplify Moral Disgust? A Meta-analytic Review of Experimental Evidence”. Perspectives on Psychological Science 10: 518–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691615583128

Larson, Greger, Philip A. Stephens, Jamshid J. Tehrani and Robert H. Layton. 2013. “Exapting Exaptation”. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 28: 497–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.018

Lemos, Tracy C. 2013. “Where There is Dirt, Is There System? Revisiting Biblical Purity Constructions”. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 37: 265–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309089213475397

Lewontin, Richard. 2002. Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA. Concord, ON: Anansi.

Martin, Luther H. 2014. Deep History, Secular Theory: Historical and Scientific Studies of Religion. Boston and Berlin: de Gruyter.

McCauley, Robert N. 2011. Why Religion Is Natural and Science Is Not. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

McCorkle, William W. Jr. 2010. Ritualizing the Disposal of the Deceased: From Corpse to Concept. New York: Peter Lang. https://doi.org/10.3726/978-1-4539-0067-3

—2013. “From Corpse to Concept: a Cognitive Theory on the Ritualized Treatment of Dead Bodies”. In Origins of Religion, Cognition and Culture, ed. Armin W. Geertz, 374–95. Durham and Bristol, CT: Acumen.

Milgrom, Jacob. 1991–2001. Leviticus. Anchor Bible. 3 vols. New York: Doubleday.

Millikan, Ruth. 1984. Language, Thought and Other Biological Categories. Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books/ MIT Press.

Millikan, Ruth. 1989. “In Defense of Proper Functions”. Philosophy of Science 56: 288–302. https://doi.org/10.1086/289488

Nabi, Robin L. 2002. “The Theoretical Versus the Lay Meaning of Disgust: Implications for Emotion Research”. Cognition and Emotion 16: 695–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930143000437

Nemeroff, Carol, and Paul Rozin. 1994. “The Contagion Concept in Adult Thinking in the United States: Transmission of Germs and Interpersonal Influence”. Ethos 22: 158–86. https://doi.org/10.1525/eth.1994.22.2.02a00020

Nemeroff, Carol, and Paul Rozin. 2000. “The Makings of the Magical Mind: The Nature and Function of Sympathetic Magical Thinking”. In Imagining the Impossible: Magical, Scientific and Religious Thinking in Children, eds Karl S. Rosengren, Carl N. Johnson, and Paul L. Harris, 1–34. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511571381.002

Neuberg, Steven, Douglas T. Kenrick and Mark Schaller. 2011. “Human Threat Management Systems: Self-protection and Disease Avoidance”. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 35: 1042–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.08.011

Nichols, Shaun. 2002. “On the Genealogy of Norms: A Case for the Role of Emotion in Cultural Evolution”. Philosophy of Science 69: 234–55. https://doi.org/10.1086/341051

Nihan, Christoph. 2007. From Priestly Torah to Pentateuch. FAT2/25; Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Nihan, Christoph 2013. “The Priestly Laws of Numbers, the Holiness Legislation, and the Pentateuch”. In Torah and the Book of Numbers, eds Christian Frevel, Thomas Pola and Aaron Schart, 109–37. FAT 2/ 62. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.

Oaten, Megan, Richard J. Stevenson and Trevor I. Case. 2009. “Disgust as a Disease Avoidance Mechanism: A Review and Model”. Psychological Bulletin 135: 303–32. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014823

Oatley, Keith, and Philip Johnson-Laird. 1987. “Towards a Cognitive Theory of Emotions”. Cognition and Emotion 1: 29–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699938708408362

Olatunji, Bunmi O., Chad Ebesutani, Jonathan Haidt and Craig N. Sawchuk. 2014. “Specificity of Disgust Domains in the Prediction of Contamination Anxiety and Avoidance: A Multimodal Examination”. Behavior Therapy 45: 469–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.02.006

Olyan, Saul M. 2000. Rites and Rank: Hierarchy in Biblical Representations of Cult. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400823567

Paden, William. E. 2016. New Patterns for Comparative Religion: Passages to an Evolutionary Perspective. London and New York: Bloomsbury.

Pinker, Steven. 2002. The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature. Viking: New York.

Prinz, Jesse. 2007. The Emotional Construction of Morals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Ritter, Ryan S., and Jesse Lee Preston. 2011. “Gross Gods and Icky Atheism: Disgust Responses to Rejected Religious Beliefs”. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 47: 1225–1300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.05.006

Rofé, Alexander (2005). “Defilement of Virgins in Biblical Law and the Case of Dinah (Genesis 34)”. Biblica 86: 369–75.

Rottman, Joshua, Deborah Keleman and Liane Young. 2014. “Tainting the Soul: Purity Concerns Predict Moral Judgments of Suicide”. Cognition 130: 217–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2013.11.007

Royzman, Edward, Pavel Atanasov, Justin F. Landy, Amanda Parks and Andrew Gepty. 2014. “CAD or MAD? Anger (Not Disgust) as the Predominant Response to Pathogen-free Violations of the Divinity Code”. Emotion 14: 892–907. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036829

Royzman, Edward B., and John Sabini. 2001. “Something It Takes To Be an Emotion: The Interesting Case of Disgust”. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 31: 29–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00145

Rozin, Paul. 2010. “Evolutionary and Cultural Psychology: Complementing Each Other in the Study of Culture and Cultural Evolution”. In Evolution, Culture, and the Human Mind, eds Mark Schaller, Ara Norenzayan, Steven J. Heine et al., 9–22. New York: Psychology Press.

Rozin, Paul, Laura Lowery, Sumio Imada and Jonathan Haidt. 1999. “The Moral/Emotion (CAD) Triad Hypothesis: A Mapping Between the Other-directed Moral Emotions, Disgust, Contempt, and Anger, and Shweder’s Three Universal Moral Codes”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 76: 574–86. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.4.574

Russell, Pascale S., and Roger Giner-Sorolla. 2013. “Bodily Moral Disgust: What It Is, How It Is Different from Anger, and Why It Is an Unreasoned Emotion”. Psychological Bulletin 139: 328–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029319

Sage, Evan T., trans. 1936. Titus Livius, The History of Rome, Books XXXVIII–XXXIX with an English Translation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Samuelson, Sue. 1980. “The Cooties Complex”. Western Folklore 39: 198–210. https://doi.org/10.2307/1499801

Schaller, Mark, and Justin H. Park. 2011. “The Behavioral Immune System (and Why It Matters)”. Current Directions in Psychological Science 20: 99–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411402596

Schnall, Simone, Jonathan Haidt, Gerald L. Clore and Alexander H. Jordan. 2008. “Disgust as Embodied Moral Judgment”. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 34: 1096–109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208317771

Schwartz, Baruch J. 2004. “Reexamining the Fate of the ‘Canaanites’ in the Torah Traditions”. In Sefer Moshe. The Moshe Weinfeld Jubilee Volume, eds Chaim Cohen et al., 151–70. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

Shemesh, Aharon. 1998. “4Q271.3: A Key to Sectarian Matrimonial Law”. Journal of Jewish Studies 49: 244–63. https://doi.org/10.18647/2116/JJS-1998

Segerstråle, Ullica. 2001. Defenders of the Truth: The Sociobiology Debate. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Slingerland, Edward, and Mark Collard, eds 2012. Creating Consilience: Integrating the Sciences and the Humanities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Southwood, Katherine E. 2012. Ethnicity and the Intermarriage Crisis in Ezra 9–10. Oxford: Oxford University.

Stearns, Justin K. 2011. Infectious Ideas: Contagion in Premodern Islamic and Christian Thought in the Western Mediterranean. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Tavory, Iddo, Simona Ginsburg and Eva Jablonka. 2012. “Culture and Epigenesis: A Waddingtonian View”. In The Oxford Handbook of Culture and Psychology, ed. Jaan Valsiner, 662–76. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396430.013.0031

Tomasello, Michael. 2000. “Two Hypotheses about Primate Cognition”. In The Evolution of Cognition, eds Cecelia Heyes and Ludwig Huber. 165–83. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

—2014. A Natural History of Human Thinking. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674726369

Tooby, John, and Leda Cosmides. 1992. The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.

van Wolde, Ellen. 2009. Reframing Biblical Studies: When Language and Text Meet Culture, Cognition and Context. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.

Wright, David P. 1991. “The Spectrum of Priestly Impurity”. In Priesthood and Cult in Ancient Israel, eds. Gary A. Anderson and Saul M. Olyan, 150–81. JSOTSup, 125; Sheffield: JSOT Press.

—2009. Creating God’s Law: How the Covenant Code of the Bible Used and Revised the Laws of Hammurabi. Oxford: Oxford University Press.