Nurturing anaesthetic expertise: On narrative, affect and professional inclusivity
Issue: Vol 15 No. 1 (2018)
Journal: Communication & Medicine
Subject Areas: Healthcare Communication Linguistics
DOI: 10.1558/cam.32897
Abstract:
This article seeks to establish the educational and social significance of narrative and affect in anaesthetic training. Data were obtained from focus group discussions involving three groups of eight (total 24) young anaesthetists from around Australia held at an Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) residential conference. Analysis applied to transcripts of the discussions revealed the prominence of narratives used among trainees and supervisors as a medium for explaining and nurturing anaesthetic expertise. Nurturing expertise was accomplished by sharing narratives about extreme circumstances that highlighted a need for constant vigilance directed towards not just clinical circumstances but also colleagues. The article suggests that the narrative emphasis on remaining vigilant and maintaining personal resourcefulness may explain graduands' tendency towards social exclusivity (avoidance of non-colleague others), and contribute to a better understanding of medicine's professional inclusivity (strong in-group bonding).
Author: Rick Iedema, Christine Jorm
References :
Bleakley, A. (2006)  Broadening conceptions of learning in medical education: The message  from teamworking. Medical Education 40 (2): 150-157.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02371.x 
Bloor, G. (1999)  Organisational culture, organisational learning and total quality  management: A literature review and synthesis. Australian Health Review  22 (3): 162-179.
https://doi.org/10.1071/AH990162 
Boreham, N. (2004) A theory of collective competence: Challenging the neo-liberal individualisation of performance at work. British Journal of Educational Studies 52 (2): 5-17.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8527.2004.00251.x 
Boreham, N. C., Shea, C. E. and Mackway-Jones,  K. (2000) Clinical risk and collective competence in the hospital  emergency department in the UK. Social Science & Medicine 51 (1): 83-91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00441-4 
Bosk, C. (2003) Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failure (2nd edition). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226924687.001.0001 
Branch, W. T. and  Frankel, R. (2016) Not all stories of professional identity formation  are equal: An analysis of formation narratives of highly humanistic  physicians. Patient Education & Counseling 99 (8): 1394-1399.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2016.03.018 
Charon, R. (2001)  Narrative medicine: A model for empathy, reflection, profession, and  trust. Journal of the American Medical Association 286 (15): 1897-1902.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.15.1897 
Clandinin, J., Cave, M.  T. and Berendonk, C. (2017) Narrative inquiry: A relational research  methodology for medical education. Medical Education 51 (1): 89-96. doi:10.1111/medu.13136
https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13136 
De Vries-Erich,  J. M., Dornan, T., Boerboom, T., Jaarsma, D. C. and Helmich, E. (2016)  Dealing with emotions: Medical undergraduates’ preferences in sharing  their experiences. Medical Education 50 (8): 817-828.
https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13004 
Degeling, P., Hill, M.  and Kennedy, J. (2001) Mediating the cultural boundaries between  medicine, nursing and management - The central challenge in hospital  reform. Health Services Management Research 14 (1): 36-48.
https://doi.org/10.1258/0951484011912519 
DelVecchio Good, M.,  Gadmer, N. M., Ruopp, P., Lakoma, M., Sullivan, A. M., Redinbaugh, E.,  Arnold, R.M. and Block, S.D. (2004) Narrative nuances on good and bad  deaths: Internists’ tales from high technology work places. Social  Science & Medicine 58 (5): 939-953.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2003.10.043 
Dobie, S. (2007) Reflections on a well-traveled path: Self-awareness, mindful practice, and relationship centered care as foundations for medical education. Academic Medicine 82 (4): 422-427.
https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ACM.0000259374.52323.62 
Eisenberg, E. M.,  Murphy, A. G., Sutcliffe, K., Wears, R., Schenkel, S., Perry, S. and  Vanderhoef, M. (2005) Communication in emergency medicine: Implications  for patient safety. Communication Monographs 72 (4): 390-413.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03637750500322602 
Erickson, F. (1999)  Appropriation of voice and presentation of self as a fellow physician:  aspects of a discourse of apprenticeship in medicine. In S. Sarangi and  C. Roberts (eds) Talk, Work and the Institutional Order: Discourse in  Medical, Mediation and Management Settings, 109-144. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110208375.2.109 
Fletcher, G., Flin, R., McGeorge, P., Glavin, R., Maran, N. and Patey, R. (2003) The anaesthetists’ non-technical skills system (ANTS): Evaluation of a behavioural marker system. British Journal Anaesthesia 90 (5): 580-588.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeg112 
Greenhalgh, T., Russell,  J. and Swinglehurst, D. (2005) Narrative methods in quality improvement  research. BMJ Quality and Safety Health Care 14 (6): 443-449.
https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2005.014712 
Iedema, R. (2007) Essai: The materiality, contingency and multi-modality of organizational discourse. Organization Studies 28 (6): 931-946.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840607075264 
Iedema, R., Jorm, C. and  Lum, M. (2009) Affect is central to patient safety: The horror stories  of young anaesthetists. Social Science & Medicine 69 (12): 1750-1756.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.043 
Iedema, R., Carroll, K., Hor, S., Collier, A., Mesman, J. and Wyer, M. (2019) Video-Reflexive Ethnography in Healthcare Research and Healthcare Improvement. London: Taylor & Francis.
https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351248013 
Karnieli-Miller,  O., Vu, T. R., Frankel, R. M., Holtman, M. C., Clyman, S. G., Hui, S.  L. and Inui, T. S. (2011) Which experiences in the hidden curriculum  teach students about professionalism? Academic Medicine 86 (3): 369-377.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e3182087d15 
Lave, J. (1993) The  Practice of learning. In S. Chaiklin and J. Lave (eds) Understanding  Practice: Perspectives on Activity and Context, 3-32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511625510.002 
Martin, J. R. (1992) English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
https://doi.org/10.1075/z.59 
Massumi, B. (2002) Parables for the Virtual: Movement, Affect, Sensation. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822383574 
McKechnie, C. C. (2014)  Anxieties of communication: The limits of narrative in the medical  humanities. BMJ Journal of Medical Ethics & Medical Humanities 40  (2): 119-124.
https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2013-010466 
McDonald, R., Waring, J.  and Harrison, S. (2005) ‘Balancing risk, that is my life’: The politics  of risk in a hospital operating theatre department. Health, Risk &  Society 7 (4): 397-411.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13698570500390705 
McDonald, R., Waring, J.  and Harrison, S. (2006) Rules, safety and the narrativisation of  identity: A hospital operating theatre case study. Sociology of Health  and Illness 28 (2): 178-202.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2006.00487.x 
Rees, C., Monrouxe, L.  V. and McDonald, L. A. (2013) Narrative, emotion and action: Analysing  ‘most memorable’ professionalism dilemmas. Medical Education 47 (1): 80-96.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04302.x 
Rittel, H. and Webber, M. (1973) Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences 4 (2): 155-169.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730 
Schleifer, R. and  Vannatta, J. B. (2013) The Chief Concern of Medicine: The Integration of  the Medical Humanities and Narrative Knowledge into Medical Practices.  Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.3157169 
Schulman, P. R. (2004) General attributes of safe organisations. Quality and Safety in Health Care 13 (supp ii): ii39-ii44.
https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2003.009613 
Smith, A., Goodwin, D.,  Mort, M. and Pope, C. (2003).Expertise in practice: An ethnographic  study exploring acquisition and use of knowledge in anaesthesia. British  Journal of Anaesthesia 91 (3): 319-328.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeg180 
Smith, A. C. and  Kleinman, S. (1989) Managing emotions in medical school: Students’  contacts with the living and the dead. Social Psychology Quarterly 52  (1): 56-69.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2786904 
Strawson, G. (2004). Against narrativity. Ratio 17 (4): 428-452.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9329.2004.00264.x 
Weaver, R., Peters, K.,  Koch, J. and Wilson, I. (2011) ‘Part of the team’: Professional identity  and social exclusivity in medical students. Medical Education 45 (12): 1220-1229.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04046.x 
Weick, K. and Roberts,  K. H. (1993) Collective mind in organizations: Heedful interrelating on  flight decks. Administrative Science Quarterly 38 (3): 357-381.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2393372 
Woods, A. (2011) The  limits of narrative: Provocations for the medical humanities. Journal of  Medical Ethics & Medical Humanities 37 (2): 73-78.
https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2011-010045