References :

Primary Sources

Aitareya Brāhmaṇa. Martin Haug (ed.). The Aitareya Brahmanam of the Rigveda: Translation with Notes. Vol. 2 of 2. Mumbai: Government Central Book Depot, 1863.

Bhāgavatapurāṇa. Jagdish L. Shastri (ed.) and Ganesh V. Tagare (trans.). The Bhāgavata Purāṇa. Vol. 2 of 5. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1976.

Brahmapurāṇa. Jagdish L. Shastri (ed.). Brahma Purāṇa. Translated and Annotated by a Board of Scholars. Vol. 1 of 4. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1985.

Devībhāgavatapurāṇa. Raj T. Pandey (ed.). 1956. Devībhāgavatapurāṇa. Kashi: Pandit Pustakalya, 1956.

Gopatha Brāhmaṇa. Rajendramala Mitra and Harachandra Vidyabhushana (eds.). The Gopatha Brāhmaṇa of the Atharva Veda. Calcutta: Ganesha Press, 1872.

Hevajra Tantra. David L. Snellgrove (ed. and trans.). Hevajra Tantra: A Critical Study. 2 vols. (Part 1, Introduction and Translation; Part 2, Sanskrit and Tibetan Texts). London: Oxford University Press, 1959.

Kālikāpurāṇa. Biswanarayan Shastri (ed. and trans.). The Kālikāpurāṇa: Text, Introduction and Translation in English. Delhi: Nag Publisher, 2008 [1991].

Kāmākhyā Tantra. Vishvanarayana Shastri (ed.). Kāmākhyā-Tantra. Delhi/Varanasi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashana, 1990.

Kulacūḍāmaṇi Tantra. John Woodroffe (Arthur Avalon) (ed.). Kulacūḍāmaṇi Tantra. Chennai: Ganesh and Co., 1956.

Kaulajñānanirṇaya. Prabodh C. Bagchi (ed.) and Michael Magee (trans.). Kaulajñāna-nirṇaya and some Minor Text of the School of Matsyendranatha. Varanasi: Prachya Prakashan, 1986 [1948].

Kulārṇava Tantra. John Woodroffe (Arthur Avalon) (ed.). Kulārṇava Tantra. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1965.

Kūrmapurāṇa. Jagdish L. Shastri (ed.). The Kūrma-Purāṇa. Vol. 1 of 2. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1981.

Liṅgapurāṇa. Jagdish L. Shastri (ed.). The Liṅga-Purāṇa. Translated by a Board of Scholars. Vol. 2 of 2. Delhi/Patna/Varanasi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1998 [1973].

Mahābhāgavatapurāṇa. P. Kumar Sharma (ed.). Mahābhāgavata Purāṇa: An Ancient Treatise on Śakti Cult. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers, 1983.
Mahābhārata (2–3): Sabhāparvan and Vanaparvan. Van Buitenen, Johannes A. B. (ed. and trans.). The Mahābhārata. Vol. 2: 2. The Book of Assembly Hall; 3. The Book of the Forest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975.

Matsyapurāṇa, B. D. Basu (ed.). The Matsya Puranam. Vol. 1 of 2. Allahabad: The Panini Office, 1916.

Padmapurāṇa. N. A. Deshpande (ed. and trans.). The Padma Purāṇa. Vol. 1 of 10. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1988.

Ṛg Veda. Stephanie W. Jamison and Joel P. Brereton (eds.). The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India. Vol. 3 of 3. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa. Julius Eggeling (ed.). Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa: According to the Text of the Madhyandina School, Vol. 1 of 5. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1963 [1882–1900].

Śivapurāṇa. Jagdish L. Shastri (ed.). The Śiva Purāṇa. Vols. 1–3 of 4. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 2002/2000/2002 [1950].

Skandapurāṇa. Ganesh V. Tagare (ed. and trans.). The Skandapurāṇa. Translated and Annotated. Vol. 1 of 23. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1992.

Vāmanapurāṇa. Anand S. Gupta (ed.). Vāmanapurāṇa. With English Translation. Varanasi: All-India Kashiraj Trust, 1968.
Varāhapurāṇa. S. Vankitasubramonia Iyer (ed. and trans.). Varāhapurāṇa. Translated and Annotated. Delhi/Paris: Motilal Banarsidass/UNESCO, 1985.

Vāyupurāṇa. G. P. Bhatt (ed.) and Ganesh V. Tagre (trans.). Vāyupurāṇa. Translated and Annotated. Vol. 1 of 2. Delhi/Paris: Motilal Banarsidass/UNESCO, 1987

Viṣṇupurāṇa. Horace H. Wilson (ed. and trans.). The Viṣṇu Purāṇa: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition. London: J. Murray, 1840.
Yoginī Tantra. Biswanarayan Shastri (ed.). Yoginī Tantra. Delhi: Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, 1982.

Yonitantra. Jan A. Schoterman (ed.). The Yonitantra. Critically Edited with an Introduction. Delhi: Manhohar, 1980

Secondary Sources

Agrawala, Vasudeva Sharana. 1966. Śiva Mahādeva: The Great God: An Exposition of the Symbolism of Śiva. Varanasi: Veda Academy.

Allen, Nicholas J. 2007. ‘Śiva and the Indo-European Ideology: One Line of Thought.’ International Journal of Hindu Studies 11 (2): 191–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11407-007-9045-5

Apte, Vaman S. (ed.). 1957 [1890]. The Practical Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Vol. 1 of 3. Pune: Prasad Prakashan.

Barua, Archana. 1996. The Tradition of Religion in Assam: A Philosophical Study. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak.

Barua, Hem. 1962 [1954]. The Red River and the Blue Hill. Guwahati: Lawyer’s Book Stall.

Barthakuria, Apurba Chandra. 2009. The Tantric Religion of India: An Insight into Assam’s Tantra Literature. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak.

Beane, Wendell C. 1977. Myth, Cult, and Symbols in Śākta Hinduism. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Bhardwaj, Surinder Mohan. 1973. Hindu Places of Pilgrimage in India (a Study in Cultural Geography). Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California Press.

Bhattacharyya, Narendra Nath. 1974. History of Sākta Religion. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
—1995. Religious Culture of North-Eastern India. New Delhi: Manohar.
—1999a [1982]. History of the Tantric Religion: A Historical, Ritualistic and Philosophical Study, 2nd edn. New Delhi: Manohar.
—1999b [1970]. The Indian Mother Goddess. 3rd edn. New Delhi: Manohar.

Bloch, Theodor. 1908–1909. ‘Assam.’ In Annual Report of Archaeology Survey of India: 17–28. Calcutta: ASI, Ministry of Culture–Government of India.

Brighenti, Francesco. 2001. Śakti Cult in Orissa. New Delhi: D. K. Printworld.

Brown, C. Mackenzie. 1983. ‘The Origin and Transmission of Two “Bhāgavata Purāṇas”: A Canonical and Theological Dilemma.’ Journal of the American Academy of Religion 51 (4): 551–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/LI.4.551
—1998. Devīgītā: The Song of the Goddess: A Translation, Annotation, and Commentary. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

Bryant, Edwin. 2001. The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan Migration Debate. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/0195137779.001.0001

Buswell, Robert E., Jr., and Donald S. Lopez Jr. 2014. The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Carroll, Lucy. 1977. ‘“Sanskritisation”, “Westernisation” and “Social Mobility”: A Reappraisal of the Relevance of Anthropological Concept of the Social Historian of Modern India.’ Journal of Anthropological Research 33 (4): 355–71. https://doi.org/10.1086/jar.33.4.3629747

Choudhury, Pratap Chandra. 1959. The History of Civilization of the People of Assam up to 12th Century A.D. Guwahati: Dept. of Historical and Antiquarian Studies in Assam.

Coburn, Thomas B. 1991. Encountering the Goddess: A Translation of the Devī Māhātmya and a Study of its Interpretation. Albany, NY: State University of New York.

Das, Harish Chandra. 1981. Tāntricism: A Study of the Yoginī Cult. New Delhi: Sterling Publisher Private Limited.

Davidson, Roland M. 2002. Indian Esoteric Buddhism: A Social History of the Tantric Movement. New York: Columbia University Press.

Dehejia, Vidya. 1986. Yoginī Cult and Temples: A Tantric Tradition. New Delhi: National Museum.

Deka, Mousumi. 2013. ‘Sculptures of Kamakhya Temple: An Aesthetic View.’ International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 3 (10): 1–5.

Deka, Pranav Jyoti. 2004. Nīlācala Kāmākhyā: Her History and Tantra. Guwahati: Assam Book Depot.

Dold, Patricia. 2009. ‘Tantra as a Religious Category in the Mahābhāgavata Purāṇa.’ Studies in Religion/Science Religieuses 38: 221–45.

Donaldson, Thomas E. 1987. Kamadeva’s Pleasure Garden: Orissa. Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation.

Doniger (O’Flaherty), Wendy. 1971. ‘The Origin of Heresy in Hindu Mythology.’ History of Religions 10 (4): 271–333. https://doi.org/10.1086/462634
—1973. Asceticism and Eroticism in the Mythology of Śiva. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—1980a. Women, Androgynes, and Other Mythical Beasts. Chicago and London: Chicago University Press.
—1980b. ‘Dionysus and Śiva: Parallel Patterns in Two Pairs of Myths.’ History of Religions 20 (1/2): 81–111. https://doi.org/10.1086/462863
—1980c [1976]. The Origins of Evil in Hindu Mythology. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: University of California.
—2010 [2009]. The Hindus: An Alternative History. New York: The Penguin Press.

Eck, Diana L. 2012. India: A Sacred Geography. New York: Harmony Books.

Eliade, Mircea. 1971 [1954]. Yoga: Immortality and Freedom. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Erndl, Kathleen M. 1989. ‘Rapist or Bodyguard, Demon or Devotee? Images of Bhairo in the Mythology and Cult of Vaiṣṇo Devī.’ In Alf Hiltebaitel (ed.), Criminal Gods and Demon Devotees: Essays on the Guardian of Popular Hinduism: 239–50. (Albany: State University of New York Press).
—1993. Victory to the Mother: The Hindu Goddess of Northwest India in Myth, Ritual, and Symbol. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
—2004. ‘Śāktism.’ In Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby (eds.), The Hindu World: 140–61. London and New York: Routledge.

Eschmann, Anncharlott. 1978. ‘Hinduization of Tribal Deities in Orissa: The Śākta and Śaiva Typoloy.’ In Anncharlott Eschmann, Hermann Kulke and Gaya C. Tripathi (eds.), The Cult of Jagannath and the Regional Tradition of Orissa: 79–97. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers.

Finn, Louise M. 1986. Kulacūḍāmaṇi Tantram and Vāmakeśvara Tantra, with the Jayaratha Commentary. Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz.

Foulston, Lynn, and Stuart Abbott. 2012. Hindu Goddesses: Beliefs and Practices. Brighton/Portland/Toronto: Sussex Academic Press.

Goswami, Kali Prasad. 1998. Kāmākhyā Temple: Past and Present. New Delhi: A. P. H.

Gupta, Sanjukta, Teun Goudriaan and Dirk J. Hoens. 1979. Hindu Tantrism. Leiden: Brill.

Hazra, Rajendra Charma. 1963. Studies in Upapurāṇas. Vol. 2: Śākta and Non-Sectarian Upapurāṇas. Calcutta: Sanskrit College.

Jamison, Stephanie W. 1996. Sacrificed Wife/Sacrificer’s Wife: Women, Ritual and Hospitality in Ancient India. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kakati, Bani Kanta. 1948. The Mother Goddess Kāmākhyā, or, Studies in the Fusion of Aryan and Primitive Beliefs of Assam. Guwahati: Punya Prasad Duara for the Assam Publishing Corporation.

Kinsley, David. 2005 [1987]. Hindu Goddesses: Vision of the Divine Feminine in the Hindu Religious Traditions. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

Kramrisch, Stella. 1981. The Presence of Śiva. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kulke, Hermann. 1992. ‘Tribal Deities at Princely Courts: The Feudatory Rajas of Central Orissa and their Tutelary Deities.’ In S. Mahapatra (ed.), Realm of the Sacred: Verbal Symbolism and Ritual Structures: 56–78. Calcutta: Oxford University Press.

Liberale, Laura. 2005. ‘Lo śmaśāna nella tradizione hindū.’ In S. Piano (ed.), Luoghi dei morti (fisici, rituali e metafisici) nelle tradizioni religiose dell’India: 1–29. Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso.

Long, J. Bruce. 1977. ‘Dakṣa: Divine Embodiment of Creative Skill.’ History of Religions 17 (1): 29–60. https://doi.org/10.1086/462778

Mallebrein, Cornelia. 1999. ‘Local and Tribal Deities: Assimilation and Transformation.’ In Vidya Dehejia (ed.), Devi: The Great Goddess. Female Divinity in South Asian Art: 137–56. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institute.
—2004. ‘Ruler, Protector and Healer: The Clan Gods Sulia, Patkhanda, and Sikerpat of the Kondh Tribe.’ Journal of Social Science 8 (2): 143–53.

Marriott, MacKim. 1955. ‘Little Communities in an Indigenous Civilization.’ In McKim Marriott (ed.), Village India: Studies in the Little Community: 171–222. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

McDaniel, June. 2004. Offering Flowers, Feeding Skulls, Popular Goddess Worship in West Bengal. New York: Oxford University Press. href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195167900.001.0001">https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195167900.001.0001

Meister, Michael W. 1996. ‘Art and Hindu Asceticism: Śiva and Vishṇu as Masters of Yoga.’ In Debala Mitra (ed.), Explorations in Art and Archaeology of South Asia: Essays Dedicated to Nani Gopal Majumdar: 315–21. Calcutta: Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of West Bengal.

Mishra, Nihar R. 2004. Kamakhya: A Socio-Cultural Study. Delhi: D. K. Printworld.

Onians, Richard B. 1994 [1951]. The Origins of European Thought about the Body, the Mind, the Soul, the World, Time, and Fate: New Interpretations of Greek, Roman and Kindred Evidence also of some Basic Jewish and Christian Belief. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.

Pintchman, Tracy. 1994. The Rise of the Goddess in the Hindu Tradition. Albany, NY: State University of New York.

Rocher, Ludo. 1986. ‘The Purāṇas.’ In Jan Gonda (ed.), A History of Indian Literature, Vol. 2 (3). Wiesbaden: O. Harrassowitz.

Rosati, Paolo E. 2017. ‘The Goddess Kāmākhyā: Religio-Political Implications in the Tribalization Process.’ History and Sociology of South Asia 11 (2): 137–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/2230807517703014
—(Forthcoming). ‘Nīlācala: The Mountain of Desire, Death and Rebirth.’ In David W. Kim (ed.), Colonial Transformation and Asian Religions in Modern History. Newcastle, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

Sacco, Antonio Maria. 2001. ‘Osservazioni in margine a una traduzione del Kāmākhyātantra.’ In Oscar Botto (ed.), Atti dell’ottavo convegno nazionale di studi sanscriti, Torino (20–21 ottobre 1995): 119–23. Turin Associazione di Studi Sanscriti.
—2014. Il culto della Yoni (Yonitantra). Alessandria: Edizioni dell’Orso.

Sahab Uddin, Ahmed. 2012. ‘Nature and Extent of the Aryanisation of North East India.’ The Echo—a Journal of Humanities and Social Science 1 (1): 95–98.

Samuel, Geoffrey. 2008. The Origins of Yoga and Tantra: Indic Religions to the Thirteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511818820

Sharma, Mukunda M. 1978. Inscriptions of Ancient Assam. Guwahati: Dept. Publications Guwahati University.

Shin, Jae-Eun. 2010. ‘Yoni, Yoginīs and Mahāvidyās: Feminine Divinities from Early Medieval Kāmarūpa to Medieval Koch Behar.’ Studies in History 26 (1): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/025764301002600101

Sircar, Danish Chandra. 1998 [1948]. The Śākta Pīṭhas. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass.

Smith, Brian K., and Wendy Doniger. 1989. ‘Sacrifice and Substitution Ritual Mystification and Mythical Demystification.’ Numen 36 (2): 189–224. https://doi.org/10.1163/156852789X00045

Söhnen, Ranate, and Peter Schreiner. 1989. Brahmapurāṇa: Summary of Contents, with Index of Names and Motifs. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
Srinivas, Mysore N. 1970 [1968]. ‘Mobility in the Caste
System.’ In Milton B. Singer and Bernard S. Cohn (eds.), Structure and Change in Indian Society: 189–200. 2nd edn. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.

Szántó, Péter D. 2012. ‘Selected Chapters from Catuṣpīṭatantra. 1/2: Introductory Study with the Annotated Translation.’ DPhil Thesis, University of Oxford.

Tiwari, Shiv Kumar. 2002. Tribal Roots of Hinduism. New Delhi: Sarup.

Urban, Hugh B. 2001. ‘The Path of Power: Impurity, Kingship and Sacrifice in Assamese Tantra.’ American Academy of Religion 69 (4): 777–816. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/69.4.777
—2010. The Power of Tantra: Religious,

Sexuality and the Politics of South Asian Studies. New York: I. B. Tauris.
—2011. ‘The Womb of Tantra: Goddesses, Tribals, and Kings in Assam.’ The Journal of Hindu Studies 4: 231–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhs/hir034

Van Kooij, Karel R. 1972. Worship of the Goddess according to the Kālikāpurāṇā. Leiden: E. J. Brill.

White, David G. 2006 [2003]. The Kiss of the Yoginī: “Tantric Sex” in its South Asian Contexts. Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Whitehead, Henry. 1921. The Village Gods of South India. Calcutta/London, New York, Toronto: Association Press/Oxford University Press.

Zimmer, Heinrich. 1957. The King and the Corpse: Tales of the Soul’s Conquest of Evil. New York: Bollingen Foundation.