Blurb:

This paper argues that the history and archaeology of Muslims in Europe has often been caught between the urge to exclude Muslims from nationalist historiography and the wish to generate apologetic histories that celebrate this history. I advocate use of Marshall Hodgson’s coinage ‘Islamicate’ as a starting point of differentiating for differentiating between forms cultural change that result of textual traditions that are applied in practice and those that stem from the dissemination of practices within the shared networks of Muslim polities.